/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.jdbc.support;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.sql.BatchUpdateException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.dao.CannotAcquireLockException;
import org.springframework.dao.CannotSerializeTransactionException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException;
import org.springframework.dao.DeadlockLoserDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DuplicateKeyException;
import org.springframework.dao.PermissionDeniedDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.TransientDataAccessResourceException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.BadSqlGrammarException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.InvalidResultSetAccessException;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

/**
 * Implementation of {@link SQLExceptionTranslator} that analyzes vendor-specific error codes.
 * More precise than an implementation based on SQL state, but heavily vendor-specific.
 *
 * <p>This class applies the following matching rules:
 * <ul>
 * <li>Try custom translation implemented by any subclass. Note that this class is
 * concrete and is typically used itself, in which case this rule doesn't apply.
 * <li>Apply error code matching. Error codes are obtained from the SQLErrorCodesFactory
 * by default. This factory loads a "sql-error-codes.xml" file from the class path,
 * defining error code mappings for database names from database meta-data.
 * <li>Fallback to a fallback translator. {@link SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator} is the
 * default fallback translator, analyzing the exception's SQL state only. On Java 6
 * which introduces its own {@code SQLException} subclass hierarchy, we will
 * use {@link SQLExceptionSubclassTranslator} by default, which in turns falls back
 * to Spring's own SQL state translation when not encountering specific subclasses.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>The configuration file named "sql-error-codes.xml" is by default read from
 * this package. It can be overridden through a file of the same name in the root
 * of the class path (e.g. in the "/WEB-INF/classes" directory), as long as the
 * Spring JDBC package is loaded from the same ClassLoader.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Thomas Risberg
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @see SQLErrorCodesFactory
 * @see SQLStateSQLExceptionTranslator
 */
public class SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator extends AbstractFallbackSQLExceptionTranslator {

	private static final int MESSAGE_ONLY_CONSTRUCTOR = 1;
	private static final int MESSAGE_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR = 2;
	private static final int MESSAGE_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR = 3;
	private static final int MESSAGE_SQL_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR = 4;
	private static final int MESSAGE_SQL_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR = 5;


	/** Error codes used by this translator */
	@Nullable
	private SQLErrorCodes sqlErrorCodes;


	/**
	 * Constructor for use as a JavaBean.
	 * The SqlErrorCodes or DataSource property must be set.
	 */
	public SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator() {
		setFallbackTranslator(new SQLExceptionSubclassTranslator());
	}

	/**
	 * Create a SQL error code translator for the given DataSource.
	 * Invoking this constructor will cause a Connection to be obtained
	 * from the DataSource to get the meta-data.
	 * @param dataSource the DataSource to use to find meta-data and establish
	 * which error codes are usable
	 * @see SQLErrorCodesFactory
	 */
	public SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator(DataSource dataSource) {
		this();
		setDataSource(dataSource);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a SQL error code translator for the given database product name.
	 * Invoking this constructor will avoid obtaining a Connection from the
	 * DataSource to get the meta-data.
	 * @param dbName the database product name that identifies the error codes entry
	 * @see SQLErrorCodesFactory
	 * @see java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getDatabaseProductName()
	 */
	public SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator(String dbName) {
		this();
		setDatabaseProductName(dbName);
	}

	/**
	 * Create a SQLErrorCode translator given these error codes.
	 * Does not require a database meta-data lookup to be performed using a connection.
	 * @param sec error codes
	 */
	public SQLErrorCodeSQLExceptionTranslator(SQLErrorCodes sec) {
		this();
		this.sqlErrorCodes = sec;
	}


	/**
	 * Set the DataSource for this translator.
	 * <p>Setting this property will cause a Connection to be obtained from
	 * the DataSource to get the meta-data.
	 * @param dataSource the DataSource to use to find meta-data and establish
	 * which error codes are usable
	 * @see SQLErrorCodesFactory#getErrorCodes(javax.sql.DataSource)
	 * @see java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getDatabaseProductName()
	 */
	public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
		this.sqlErrorCodes = SQLErrorCodesFactory.getInstance().getErrorCodes(dataSource);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the database product name for this translator.
	 * <p>Setting this property will avoid obtaining a Connection from the DataSource
	 * to get the meta-data.
	 * @param dbName the database product name that identifies the error codes entry
	 * @see SQLErrorCodesFactory#getErrorCodes(String)
	 * @see java.sql.DatabaseMetaData#getDatabaseProductName()
	 */
	public void setDatabaseProductName(String dbName) {
		this.sqlErrorCodes = SQLErrorCodesFactory.getInstance().getErrorCodes(dbName);
	}

	/**
	 * Set custom error codes to be used for translation.
	 * @param sec custom error codes to use
	 */
	public void setSqlErrorCodes(@Nullable SQLErrorCodes sec) {
		this.sqlErrorCodes = sec;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the error codes used by this translator.
	 * Usually determined via a DataSource.
	 * @see #setDataSource
	 */
	@Nullable
	public SQLErrorCodes getSqlErrorCodes() {
		return this.sqlErrorCodes;
	}


	@Override
	@Nullable
	protected DataAccessException doTranslate(String task, @Nullable String sql, SQLException ex) {
		SQLException sqlEx = ex;
		if (sqlEx instanceof BatchUpdateException && sqlEx.getNextException() != null) {
			SQLException nestedSqlEx = sqlEx.getNextException();
			if (nestedSqlEx.getErrorCode() > 0 || nestedSqlEx.getSQLState() != null) {
				logger.debug("Using nested SQLException from the BatchUpdateException");
				sqlEx = nestedSqlEx;
			}
		}

		// First, try custom translation from overridden method.
		DataAccessException dae = customTranslate(task, sql, sqlEx);
		if (dae != null) {
			return dae;
		}

		// Next, try the custom SQLException translator, if available.
		if (this.sqlErrorCodes != null) {
			SQLExceptionTranslator customTranslator = this.sqlErrorCodes.getCustomSqlExceptionTranslator();
			if (customTranslator != null) {
				DataAccessException customDex = customTranslator.translate(task, sql, sqlEx);
				if (customDex != null) {
					return customDex;
				}
			}
		}

		// Check SQLErrorCodes with corresponding error code, if available.
		if (this.sqlErrorCodes != null) {
			String errorCode;
			if (this.sqlErrorCodes.isUseSqlStateForTranslation()) {
				errorCode = sqlEx.getSQLState();
			}
			else {
				// Try to find SQLException with actual error code, looping through the causes.
				// E.g. applicable to java.sql.DataTruncation as of JDK 1.6.
				SQLException current = sqlEx;
				while (current.getErrorCode() == 0 && current.getCause() instanceof SQLException) {
					current = (SQLException) current.getCause();
				}
				errorCode = Integer.toString(current.getErrorCode());
			}

			if (errorCode != null) {
				// Look for defined custom translations first.
				CustomSQLErrorCodesTranslation[] customTranslations = this.sqlErrorCodes.getCustomTranslations();
				if (customTranslations != null) {
					for (CustomSQLErrorCodesTranslation customTranslation : customTranslations) {
						if (Arrays.binarySearch(customTranslation.getErrorCodes(), errorCode) >= 0 &&
								customTranslation.getExceptionClass() != null) {
							DataAccessException customException = createCustomException(
									task, sql, sqlEx, customTranslation.getExceptionClass());
							if (customException != null) {
								logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, true);
								return customException;
							}
						}
					}
				}
				// Next, look for grouped error codes.
				if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getBadSqlGrammarCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new BadSqlGrammarException(task, (sql != null ? sql : ""), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getInvalidResultSetAccessCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new InvalidResultSetAccessException(task, (sql != null ? sql : ""), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getDuplicateKeyCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new DuplicateKeyException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getDataIntegrityViolationCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new DataIntegrityViolationException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getPermissionDeniedCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new PermissionDeniedDataAccessException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getDataAccessResourceFailureCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new DataAccessResourceFailureException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getTransientDataAccessResourceCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new TransientDataAccessResourceException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getCannotAcquireLockCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new CannotAcquireLockException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getDeadlockLoserCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new DeadlockLoserDataAccessException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
				else if (Arrays.binarySearch(this.sqlErrorCodes.getCannotSerializeTransactionCodes(), errorCode) >= 0) {
					logTranslation(task, sql, sqlEx, false);
					return new CannotSerializeTransactionException(buildMessage(task, sql, sqlEx), sqlEx);
				}
			}
		}

		// We couldn't identify it more precisely - let's hand it over to the SQLState fallback translator.
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			String codes;
			if (this.sqlErrorCodes != null && this.sqlErrorCodes.isUseSqlStateForTranslation()) {
				codes = "SQL state '" + sqlEx.getSQLState() + "', error code '" + sqlEx.getErrorCode();
			}
			else {
				codes = "Error code '" + sqlEx.getErrorCode() + "'";
			}
			logger.debug("Unable to translate SQLException with " + codes + ", will now try the fallback translator");
		}

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Subclasses can override this method to attempt a custom mapping from
	 * {@link SQLException} to {@link DataAccessException}.
	 * @param task readable text describing the task being attempted
	 * @param sql the SQL query or update that caused the problem (may be {@code null})
	 * @param sqlEx the offending SQLException
	 * @return {@code null} if no custom translation applies, otherwise a {@link DataAccessException}
	 * resulting from custom translation. This exception should include the {@code sqlEx} parameter
	 * as a nested root cause. This implementation always returns {@code null}, meaning that the
	 * translator always falls back to the default error codes.
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected DataAccessException customTranslate(String task, @Nullable String sql, SQLException sqlEx) {
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Create a custom {@link DataAccessException}, based on a given exception
	 * class from a {@link CustomSQLErrorCodesTranslation} definition.
	 * @param task readable text describing the task being attempted
	 * @param sql the SQL query or update that caused the problem (may be {@code null})
	 * @param sqlEx the offending SQLException
	 * @param exceptionClass the exception class to use, as defined in the
	 * {@link CustomSQLErrorCodesTranslation} definition
	 * @return {@code null} if the custom exception could not be created, otherwise
	 * the resulting {@link DataAccessException}. This exception should include the
	 * {@code sqlEx} parameter as a nested root cause.
	 * @see CustomSQLErrorCodesTranslation#setExceptionClass
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected DataAccessException createCustomException(
			String task, @Nullable String sql, SQLException sqlEx, Class<?> exceptionClass) {

		// Find appropriate constructor for the given exception class
		try {
			int constructorType = 0;
			Constructor<?>[] constructors = exceptionClass.getConstructors();
			for (Constructor<?> constructor : constructors) {
				Class<?>[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
				if (parameterTypes.length == 1 && String.class == parameterTypes[0] &&
						constructorType < MESSAGE_ONLY_CONSTRUCTOR) {
					constructorType = MESSAGE_ONLY_CONSTRUCTOR;
				}
				if (parameterTypes.length == 2 && String.class == parameterTypes[0] &&
						Throwable.class == parameterTypes[1] &&
						constructorType < MESSAGE_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR) {
					constructorType = MESSAGE_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
				}
				if (parameterTypes.length == 2 && String.class == parameterTypes[0] &&
						SQLException.class == parameterTypes[1] &&
						constructorType < MESSAGE_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR) {
					constructorType = MESSAGE_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR;
				}
				if (parameterTypes.length == 3 && String.class == parameterTypes[0] &&
						String.class == parameterTypes[1] && Throwable.class == parameterTypes[2] &&
						constructorType < MESSAGE_SQL_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR) {
					constructorType = MESSAGE_SQL_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR;
				}
				if (parameterTypes.length == 3 && String.class == parameterTypes[0] &&
						String.class == parameterTypes[1] && SQLException.class == parameterTypes[2] &&
						constructorType < MESSAGE_SQL_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR) {
					constructorType = MESSAGE_SQL_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR;
				}
			}

			// invoke constructor
			Constructor<?> exceptionConstructor;
			switch (constructorType) {
				case MESSAGE_SQL_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR:
					Class<?>[] messageAndSqlAndSqlExArgsClass = new Class<?>[] {String.class, String.class, SQLException.class};
					Object[] messageAndSqlAndSqlExArgs = new Object[] {task, sql, sqlEx};
					exceptionConstructor = exceptionClass.getConstructor(messageAndSqlAndSqlExArgsClass);
					return (DataAccessException) exceptionConstructor.newInstance(messageAndSqlAndSqlExArgs);
				case MESSAGE_SQL_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR:
					Class<?>[] messageAndSqlAndThrowableArgsClass = new Class<?>[] {String.class, String.class, Throwable.class};
					Object[] messageAndSqlAndThrowableArgs = new Object[] {task, sql, sqlEx};
					exceptionConstructor = exceptionClass.getConstructor(messageAndSqlAndThrowableArgsClass);
					return (DataAccessException) exceptionConstructor.newInstance(messageAndSqlAndThrowableArgs);
				case MESSAGE_SQLEX_CONSTRUCTOR:
					Class<?>[] messageAndSqlExArgsClass = new Class<?>[] {String.class, SQLException.class};
					Object[] messageAndSqlExArgs = new Object[] {task + ": " + sqlEx.getMessage(), sqlEx};
					exceptionConstructor = exceptionClass.getConstructor(messageAndSqlExArgsClass);
					return (DataAccessException) exceptionConstructor.newInstance(messageAndSqlExArgs);
				case MESSAGE_THROWABLE_CONSTRUCTOR:
					Class<?>[] messageAndThrowableArgsClass = new Class<?>[] {String.class, Throwable.class};
					Object[] messageAndThrowableArgs = new Object[] {task + ": " + sqlEx.getMessage(), sqlEx};
					exceptionConstructor = exceptionClass.getConstructor(messageAndThrowableArgsClass);
					return (DataAccessException)exceptionConstructor.newInstance(messageAndThrowableArgs);
				case MESSAGE_ONLY_CONSTRUCTOR:
					Class<?>[] messageOnlyArgsClass = new Class<?>[] {String.class};
					Object[] messageOnlyArgs = new Object[] {task + ": " + sqlEx.getMessage()};
					exceptionConstructor = exceptionClass.getConstructor(messageOnlyArgsClass);
					return (DataAccessException) exceptionConstructor.newInstance(messageOnlyArgs);
				default:
					if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
						logger.warn("Unable to find appropriate constructor of custom exception class [" +
								exceptionClass.getName() + "]");
					}
					return null;
				}
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Unable to instantiate custom exception class [" + exceptionClass.getName() + "]", ex);
			}
			return null;
		}
	}

	private void logTranslation(String task, @Nullable String sql, SQLException sqlEx, boolean custom) {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			String intro = custom ? "Custom translation of" : "Translating";
			logger.debug(intro + " SQLException with SQL state '" + sqlEx.getSQLState() +
					"', error code '" + sqlEx.getErrorCode() + "', message [" + sqlEx.getMessage() + "]" +
					(sql != null ? "; SQL was [" + sql + "]": "") + " for task [" + task + "]");
		}
	}

}
